STUDENT PAPER - SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN INTERWAR ITALY
 
Battles for land: Land reclamation, out of which the most famous was the draining of the Pointine Marshes, as a result of this "battle" many acres of good farm land was recovered, but to not much use as later it was lost again due to the civil war.

Battle for grain: This battle was superficially successful. Production figures:
1870- 40 million quintals
1930- 60 million quintals (100 kg bags)
1939- 80 million quintals
Due to the official fixation with the grain, other forms of agricultural output were damaged. Thus the relative cost of producing Italian grain became high.

Public Works: - these were contributed with public utility and political propaganda
Autostrada (Italian motorways)
Railway
- made transport easier and faster, which saved time, and eventually helped the people because they got more advantage and could be more efficent.

Battle for birth- this was probably the least successful out of all the "battles" that came about. It was begun because it was thought it would be a proof of Italian virility. Thus Mussolini demanded a rise in population:
- Parents of large families awarded
- Bachelors penalized (by having to pay high taxes)
- Contraception and abortion OUTLAWED.
The fascist "revolution" failed to transform lives of the ordinary people, as many of the fascist supporters had hoped.

Living Standards:- The living standards were declining.
- Italian form of laborer lost half (sometimes even more) of the real value for wages. (Chabod)
- Drop in average "per capita" income (Vannutelli) from 3.0799 lire in 1929, to 1.829 lire in 1934.

Workers rights:
SOCIAL BENEFITS
- 1928 Sick pay first introduced
- 1938 "Package" compromising end of year bonuses, paid holidays and severance pay.
- 1927 Abolition of right to strike
”Charter of Labor"
-guaranteed a minimum wage
But the downside to it was that unemployment, went from 110.000 ( 1927) to over a million in 1938
 

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